


People in the past made decisions and choices based on the kind of future they imagined they might have. This is a book about the past, but all books of history are inevitably about the future. It could not have been done by any one of us it could only be done by all three. This book is the culmination of years of collaborative reading, writing, editing, talking, rewriting, rethinking, reflecting, and growth.

To all of these individuals we offer our sincerest thanks. Of course, we have also been urged along by various family and friends who see in this project something of importance and value. Cory Stumpf handled the lion’s share of editing and production, for which we are thankful and Brenda Smith gamely and without complaint handled library and copyright queries. BCcampus – and specifically Mary Burgess and Amanda Coolidge – continues to provide support and build legitimacy to Open Educational Resource projects of this kind. Michelle Harrison who got this off the ground and Melissa Jakubec who ensured a safe landing. In addition to these heartfelt acknowledgements we would like to express gratitude for the significant support and resources contributed to this project by Thompson Rivers University – Open Learning. We hope that our efforts reflect favourably our desire to be worthy guests. None of the lands of the Secwépemc peoples were ceded through treaty we are guests. Thompson Rivers University – Open Learning is located in T’kemlups in Secwépemc territory and this is a part of the world with which several of the people involved in this project have a deep personal and intellectual connection. These are the ancestral lands of the Coast Salish peoples (specifically, the unceded territories of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm, Skwxwú7mesh, Səl̓ílwətaʔ/Selilwitulh, and Snaw-Naw-As Nations) and Treaty 6 territory – the Homeland of the Cree and Métis nations as well as the traditional homelands of the Lakota, Dakota, Nakota, Dene, and Saulteaux. With this in mind, we – the three authors of this work – acknowledge the territories on which we live, work, and enjoy our lives. The fact of Indigenous presence should force non-Indigenous peoples to confront their own place on these lands. I believe this is true as long as these acknowledgments discomfit both those speaking and hearing the words. If we think of territorial acknowledgments as sites of potential disruption, they can be transformative acts that to some extent undo Indigenous erasure. She argues that acknowledgements can shake us where we need a bit of shaking: But in every instance, the acknowledgement makes visible the historic and ongoing colonial reality and relationship.Ĭhelsea Vowel (aka âpihtawikosisân) – a Métis writer and lawyer – provides us with some thoughts and guidelines respecting the use of territorial acknowledgements here. What’s more, some lands – such as Sen̓áḵw (aka sən̓aʔqʷ, Kitsilano Point, False Creek Indian Reserve No.6) – are ceded but not covered by treaty. ‘Treaty,’ however, does not equal ‘ceded’ in every case. Sometimes the traditional territory is unceded (as is the case across most of British Columbia) and sometimes it is covered by Treaty (as is the case across the Prairies and in much of the rest of Canada). Here, in 2020, it is customary to begin a meeting or an event with what is called a “territorial acknowledgement” of our presence on traditional Indigenous lands. Glossary: Speaking the Names of Indigenous Nations.More like a Beginning than a Conclusion.Chapter 11: Renewal, Resurgence, Recognition-From White Paper to Armed Protest.Chapter 10: Experiences of Indigenous Women under Settler Colonialism.Chapter 9: Cultural Genocide-Belief Systems, Residential Schools, Potlatch Laws, “Sixties Scoop”.Part 3: Culture Crisis Change Challenge.Chapter 7: Settler Colonialism & Treaty Peoples.Chapter 6: Resistance I - 1750s to 1870s.Chapter 5: “Colonial” Wars Looking East.Chapter 3: The Plains Peoples-Allies, Conflict, Adaptation.Chapter 2: Two Models of Commercial and Diplomatic Encounters-Wabanaki and Beothuk.Chapter 1: Better Together - The Great Confederacies.Preface: The Indigenous Americas since Time Immemorial.
